Your feisty, high-energy pooch is starting to show signs of aging.
Ensure your dog’s golden years are happy, healthy and pain-free by acknowledging his age and making accommodations to keep him comfortable, active, and wagging his tail.
The common belief that dogs age seven years to humans’ one year doesn’t apply to all dogs. Evanston veterinarian Jeanette Lyons says that dogs age at different paces, depending on the breed. Large breeds like Great Danes and Mastiffs age faster, and may show signs of aging as early as five years old.
“Popular breeds like Labradors and Golden Retrievers are considered older around 10,” Lyons says. “Smaller breeds can live much longer, up to 14 or 15, so may not show signs of old age until long after 10.”
You loved the adorable puppy, had a blast with your active young dog, now it’s time to enjoy some quiet time with your best friend who has given you years of memories, love, and companionship. He may take longer race over to greet you, but the wag of his tail still says it all. We asked Lyons for some practical advice on how to care for our furry friends as they age. Here’s what she had to say.
Make It Better: What are the common signs of aging in dogs?
Lyons: Dogs can display reduced mobility. They can struggle with stairs, getting up and down from the floor and getting in and out of the car. Dogs may have reduced cognitive function demonstrated by confusion. They may exhibit different elimination habits. Hearing and vision may become impaired. These are all possible changes as your dog ages, but just because they are common does not mean they are normal or that nothing can be done. Please alert your vet about any changes you notice, even subtle ones. He or she can help determine what is normal aging and what may indicate underlying problems that can be treated.
What are the most common health problems in older dogs?
We see arthritis, heart disease, hormonal imbalances, organ dysfunction, and unfortunately, many different cancers. Each breed has its own list of health problems that are more common.
Should older dogs’ meals be altered?
Most dogs do better when fed twice a day. Some dogs benefit from a light snack of protein before they go to bed at night. I recommend feeding dogs an AAFCO-certified food with high-quality protein listed as the first ingredient.
What about feeding dogs people food?
Dogs should never eat chocolate, avocados, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, salty or fatty foods. Offer tastes of high-quality protein like boiled chicken or turkey. Small amounts of fruits and veggies are fine so long as they don’t impact digestion. Older dogs get all they need from their own food, so [they] don’t need supplementation with people food. Although frequently, as appetite changes, they desire higher value foods to keep them interested.”
How much activity does my older dog need?
Walking is the best exercise for older dogs. Walking is low impact, and provides not only physical benefits but also mental stimulus, as your dog sniffs and notices activity around him. Older dogs should not be encouraged to jump to grab a ball, as the high-impact landing is hard on their aging joints. Older dogs are less heat tolerant than younger dogs. Some dogs naturally adjust their activity as they age, others will require you monitor their activity.
For dogs with joint pain, how can owners make them more comfortable?
The number one thing you can do for your dog is keep him at an ideal weight or even a little underweight. Any additional weight accelerates joint problems. Regular low-impact exercise will help keep your dog comfortable and joints healthier. Dogs can be prescribed glucosamine and chondroitin to help support joint health. Omega 3/6 fat acids are also helpful. Acupuncture and laser therapy can offer relief for some dogs. There are a variety of canine NSAIDS, formulated just for dogs, that should only be administered under the advice of your vet. Never give your dog human medication without checking with your vet.
How do you, as a vet, treat older dogs differently?
Weight is important for all dogs, but especially older dogs. A good guide is being able to feel the ribs but not see them and visualizing your dog’s “waist” when you look down at them. I generally run lab work every year on dogs older than 10. We can catch, and treat many health problems with early detection. Age is not a disease. I love to see older dogs in the clinic twice a year instead of the traditional one time a year. I stress dental care including daily teeth brushing with specially formulated toothpaste and dental chews with the VOHC seal. Smaller dog breeds tend to have more dental issues as they age. Ask your vet if your dog needs a veterinary periodontal cleaning and evaluation.
How can owners make their homes safer for their older dog?
The slippery surface of wood floors can make it hard for dogs to get up. Throw rugs give them traction and keep them safe. There are so many great products on the market for older dogs likeramps to help your dog navigate stairs and get into the car. A good, soft bed will cushion their older joints. For a dog with vision loss, a nightlight might make them feel more secure.
What changes in behavior do older dogs often display?
Some dogs suffer cognitive dysfunction like people. Your dog might have anxiety at night, be restless and have bathroom confusion. He may withdraw from family members and lose tolerance for things he once enjoyed. Talk to your vet about any behavioral changes you notice. Certain amino acid supplements, diets or medications can help maintain healthy brain function.
Pictured: Peter Simonsen of Wilmette has lovingly cared for Mel, his yellow Labrador, for 15 years. Now that Mel is unable to walk, Simonsen knows the end is near. But he says he believes advances in veterinary medicine have given him a few extra years with his faithful companion. Photo by Rhonda Holcomb.
